Physical and Cognitive Development - 4648 Words

CONTENTS 1. Statement of the problem page 2 2. Aims page 2 3. Physical development page 3 3.1 Physical development during early adulthood page 3 3.2 Physical development during middle adulthood page 3 3.3 Physical development during late adulthood page 5 4. Cognitive development page 7 4.1 Crystallised and fluid intelligence page 7 4.2 Cognitive development during early adulthood page 8 4.3 Cognitive development during middle adulthood page 10 4.4 Cognitive development during late adulthood page 11 5. The influence of physical and cognitive development on adulthood page 15 6. Synthesis page 15 7. Bibliography page 17 1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Growth and development during†¦show more content†¦Beginning at around age 35 in both men and women, calcium is lost and bones become less dense. This can result in osteoporosis and a reduction of weight bearing capacity, leading to the possibility of spontaneous fracture. Thinning of the vertebrae also results in a reduction in height. In addition, the vertebrae calcify, resulting in postural changes and increasing rigidity, making bending difficult. The joints also undergo changes. In fact, arthritis, the degenerative inflammation of the joints, is the most common chronic condition in the elderly. The two most common forms are: • osteoarthritis (a wearing away of the joint cartilage) • rheumatoid arthritis (a disease of the connective tissue) These conditions can impair mobility and the performance of daily activities of living. For persons with disabilities this condition may occur at an earlier age. As we age, we experience a reduction in the production of hydrochloric acid, digestive enzymes, and saliva, as well as a reduction in the total number of taste buds. These changes can result in: • gastrointestinal distress • impaired swallowing • delayed emptying of the stomach Perhaps more importantly, the breakdown and absorption of foods may also be impaired, sometimes resulting in vitamin deficiencies of B, C, and K vitamins or, in extreme cases, malnutrition. If left untreated, these deficiencies may result in: •Show MoreRelatedPhysical and Cognitive Development1246 Words   |  5 PagesPhysical and Cognitive Development PSY/ 103 Introduction to Psychology This paper is will focus on the influences of physical and cognitive development in adolescence from 12 to 18 years of age. This part of the developmental stage has many factors that affect the physical development as well as the cognitive development in adolescence. In addition to influences of physical and cognitive development this paper will also focus on the hereditary and environmental influences that makeRead MorePhysical Development : Cognitive Development1110 Words   |  5 PagesPhysical Development 1. Gross motor refers to a baby’s use of larger muscles of the body to accomplish larger movements such as, crawling, walking, and jumping (Martin Fabes, 2009). When Carolina told her 38-month old son, Jake to ‘walk over to Daddy’; Jake used his gross motor skills to lift himself from seating position to standing, and taking big steps towards his dad. 2. According to Martin and Fabes (2009), fine motor skills allow children to manipulate and interact with objects. At nine-monthsRead MoreCognitive, Social, And Physical Development936 Words   |  4 PagesCognitive, Social Physical Development Early Childhood Education emphasizes the development of the whole child: Cognitive, social and physical. Some educators emphasize the cognitive domain, neglecting social and physical development. Student learning is enhanced when teachers incorporate the three domains into planning and implementation of curriculum. This paper will investigate how cognitive, social, and physical domains of development are inextricably linked and how they affect the developmentRead MorePhysical And Cognitive Development Of Children Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesPhysical and Cognitive Development in the Children In the book Child Development An Active Learning Approach, it states that the sequence of motor milestones happen in the same way for most babies around the world. This fact indicates that motor development is strongly controlled by our genes, which dictates the expected sequence of the development (page 193). In researching the physical development of children I learned that there are two forms of motors skills. Fine motors skills which use smallRead MorePhysical, Social, And Cognitive Development1403 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to answer questions about ones physical, social, and cognitive development we must first know what that means. Physical development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, health and wellness. Cognitive development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. Psychosocial development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships. 1) Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation Motivation describes the wants orRead MorePhysical And Emotional And Cognitive Development Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pagesand challenges designed to enhance their physical, social, emotional and cognitive development. Imagine groups of girls and boys striving to negotiate their growing bodies through the movement successes and failures; imagine that these children, despite their widely variable physical and social maturity levels, play well together, cooperate fairly, communicate respectfully, and exit the gym with class. Now, imagine this never happens†¦. (Halas, 2004) Physical education is the most important thingRead MoreDevelopment Of A Child s Cognitive And Physical Development811 Words   |  4 PagesHuman development involves a series of complex stages which bring about pivotal changes in a child’s cognitive and physical development. Ozretich and Bowman suggest other periods of rapid growth through middle childhood and adolescence such as moral development, self-concept, psychological and emotional traits, relationships to adults including parents, and peer relationships (2008). Undoubtedly, these dramatic psychosocial changes, when integrated with other biological fluctuations, impact childrenRead MorePhysical, Cognitive, And Social Emotional Development1340 Words   |  6 PagesTypical Physical, Cognitive, and Social-Emotional Development This group of students is quite diverse. This group of fourth grade students also exhibit diversity from their home life, culture, and socioeconomic areas. This school has over an eighty percent ration of students on free or reduced lunches. Religious diversity also plays a part in this group of children. These children break up into social groups based along these lines of diversity. Physical Development Normal physical developmentRead MoreLife Span Development : Cognitive, Social, And Physical Development933 Words   |  4 Pagesspan development: cognitive, social, and physical development. This class is not simply a discussion of nature vs. nurture, it explores the interaction between genetic and environmental factors that orient us towards specific behaviors. Initially, my views on life span development were limited to more sociological factors, and did not take into consideration physical developments of the brain. In relation to my personal and professional identity this course has made me realize that development occursRead MorePhysical Maturation B : Cognitive Development And Schooling1406 Words   |  6 PagesThis chapter includes three major topics: a) Physical maturation b) cognitive development and schooling c) threats to adolescents’ well-being. Adolescence is the time of psychological and physical change and growth. Adolescents grow very rapidly in physical appe arance like weight and height. Puberty is the time when sexual organs become mature and start to produce the sex hormones. Cultural and environment are two factors of puberty. Girls who are grow in the wealthier family have menstruation begins

Napoleon Bonaparte Essay - 1395 Words

Napoleon Bonaparte The ideas of modern war can lead back to the 18th century during a certain campaign by a French military leader. This military leader was named Napoleon Bonaparte. He started a campaign against Western Europe that defined war and his strategies echoed throughout time up until the Second World War. His strategic plans were legendary up until his biggest mistake, which was invading Russia during its winter during the battles in the Waterloo Campaign. Before you can get into how he became a military genius you have breakdown how is life really was before his military career began. Napoleon was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on August 15th 1769 to Carlo Buonaparte, a lawyer and political opportunist, and his wife,†¦show more content†¦Those operational campaigns characterized by symmetrical conscript armies organized into corps, maneuvered in a distributed fashion so that tactical engagements are sequenced and often common understanding of operational methods. Victory is achieved by the cumulative effects of tactical engagements and operational campaigns.† Napoleon was the first military leader to introduce warfare on different fronts at the same time in order to defeat the enemy. In his campaigns he introduced the ability of a military to fight in two or three different locations at the same time during a war while keeping them organized. By giving each division and battalion a general he was able to keep in command of those generals who commanded his troops. He gave them a set of orders which they followed, in order to have a swift military plan and victory. That is considered to be the point at which war became modern throughout the world. But that is the opinion of the Author; there are other people like myself who do not believe that Napoleon was the one that paved the path for modern warfare to begin. Some historians and scholars believe that theShow MoreRelatedNapoleon Bonaparte2242 Words   |  9 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte was a ruthless killer who hungered for power alone. He sacrificed much in order to contribute a great deal to the world by winning battles and discovering things such as the Rosetta Stone in Egypt. His thirst for control and power cost him everything he worked so hard for consequently leading to exile. The notorious Napoleon Bonaparte was born August 15, 1769, the second of eight children, on the little island of Corsica. The industrial revolution in Britain had already begunRead MoreEssay Napoleon Bonaparte1268 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Napoleon was born on August 15th, 1769 in Ajaccio (Capital of Corsica) which is an island 70 miles west of Italy. His parents were Carlo Bonaparte and Letizia Ramolino. They got married when Carlo was 18 and Letizia was 14, this was in 1764. Letizia was the one who was always putting food on the table, Carlo was way to lazy. His father was interested in politics. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Napoleon got sent to military school (Brienne Military Academy) in 1778Read More Napoleon Bonaparte Essay1816 Words   |  8 Pages Napoleon Bonaparte is regarded as one of the greatest military and political masterminds in the history of man. Napoleon’s brilliance led him through extremely successful Italian campaigns, major battles against the Third Coalition and helped him rule politically to keep the gains of the revolution. Napoleon, through his military conquests and political alterations, made France a great nation. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15th, 1769 in small town of Ajaccio on the island of Corsica. HeRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte has been called a hero by some and a villain by many others. He was the First Consul of France, then the emperor of France, and finally an outlaw. Napoleon had a meteoric rise to power in the late 18th century, and lasted to the early 19th century. He was able to rise to power through his great military victories and he was able to keep his power by fending off enemies in wars and with some reforms. Napoleon started his life good, but different than many French rulers. NapoleonRead MoreEssay Napoleon Bonaparte1290 Words   |  6 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Napoleon Bonaparte is considered to be one of the greatest conquers and captains of modern times. In history perhaps no one person has ever aroused so many intense opposite emotions. Perhaps no one had ever claimed as much of the admiration, fear, and hatred of all men as did Napoleon. Napoleon was a man with many sides. He started many of his challenging voyages and defeats as a young child and they continued throughout his life. He had many accomplishments and manyRead MoreThe Principles Of Napoleon Bonaparte1020 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant characteristics you need as a leader. Napoleon Bonaparte displays both principles exquisitely in his lifetime, as he has had many accomplishments throughout his life. The reason for me choosing Napoleon as my leader is because he had an outstanding life as a military leader and emperor. Napoleon revolutionized military strategies and restructured the government and education systems in France and the countries it cont rolled. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1796, in Ajaccio, CorsicaRead More NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Essay620 Words   |  3 Pages Napoleon was one of the most important figures in European history. As one of the greatest military leaders, Napoleon did many things to modernize the European nations he ruled. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1769, Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Ajaccio, Corsica. His middle class family was of Italian descent. After completing his education, Napoleon went to France to become a solider. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Napoleon’s first battle as leader of an army, he became famous. By pointingRead More Napoleon Bonaparte Essay2965 Words   |  12 Pages Napoleon Bonaparte Corsica is a rugged island in the Mediterranean, which lies sixty miles off the coast of Italy. The Corsicans are proud and independent people. In 1768, when the French took over the island from Genoa, an Italian state, the Corsicans rebelled and fought for their freedom. But they were unsuccessful. Their leader, Pasquale Paoli, was driven into exile. Several months later, on August 15, 1769, Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Ajaccio, a major port on the island. He was the second-bornRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte Essay1928 Words   |  8 PagesNapoleon Bonaparte One of the most brilliant individuals in history, Napoleon Bonaparte was a masterful soldier, and a superb administrator. He was also utterly ruthless, a dictator and, later in his career, thought he could do no wrong. Not a Frenchman by birth, Napoleon Bonaparte was born at Ajaccio on Corsica only just sold to France by the Italian state of Genoa on August 15, 1769.He attended French at the school of Autun and later the military academy at Brienne. He never fully mastered FrenchRead MoreLIFE OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Essay2562 Words   |  11 Pagesexplain the rise and downfall of Napoleon Bonaparte I in France. His goal was to conquer all of Europe and throughout his life he nearly succeeded. He rose through the confusion of the French revolution to become Emperor of the French. Napoleon had once said, â€Å"I am the Revolution,† and he never ceased to remind the French that they owed to him the preservation of all that was beneficial in the revolutionary program. (Spielvogel, 2007) â€Æ' Life of Napoleon Bonaparte Arguably one of the most brilliant

Houston, Houston, Do You Read by James Tiptree - 1533 Words

In James Tiptree Jr’s short science fiction story â€Å"Houston, Houston, Do You Read?†, three men aboard their spaceship accidentally travel into a future solely inhabited by women. From their various interactions with the women on board the Gloria spacecraft, the men quickly discover that they have no place in this futuristic environment and are denied access back to Earth. While this rejection appears tyrannical on the women’s part, it is justifiable as the utopian nature of the female society thrives on the lack of a male population. Specifically, the women’s self-sustainability, along with the dominant behaviour and inherent aggression of a man’s masculinity justifies their denial of the men’s access to Earth. Ever since the extinction†¦show more content†¦This submission manifests from Davis’s captain status over his comrades. As the man who garnishes a higher status than his counterparts, he is a type of masculine role-model for both Bud and Lorimer. In terms of status, they are not as manly as Davis and therefore submit to his lead. As no clear dominant figure is present on Earth, Davis will strive to establish himself as the leader of the female population because he is accustomed to being a leader among those inferior to his manliness – including women alike. His dominance would ravage the simple nature of the women’s political system, bringing an end to the collective nature of the population. To defend against this threat, the women are justifiable in denying the men’s access to Earth, as a man’s masculinity pushes him to dominate those with a lower status when provided the opportunity. This claim is further justified by the tensions betwe en the men’s social relations. Among his colleagues, Lorimer is the least manly. He is the â€Å"beta bile† of the bunch, and he despises his status shown by his inner thoughts: â€Å"You shitheads, I’ll show you. I am not a girl† (167). An analysis of Lorimer’s thoughts entails that Bud and Davis will try to dominate anyone who does not comply with their alpha male images. Despite being a man in many ways, Lorimer ultimately occupies a feminine image because anything other than a conventional man is unmanly.

Creative Writing Lost in the Mountains Essay - 730 Words

In the late afternoon, under a clear light blue sky on the busy streets. When the school bells ring and the clock strike 6.00pm, all the student running out of their class, some are happy and some aren’t. The student just have an exciting day at school and they are very please, they also have something to tell their parents about this school day. But some of them are sad because they have to say goodbye to their friends. John have just finish his hard-working day at school and ready to go home and enjoy a wonderful, delicious dinner with his family. Enthusiastically, John runs to the car-park to get his bicycle, wear his helmet and ready to go home. The sun has now nearly completed its tour around the world, and the lovely sky have†¦show more content†¦John can smell the wonderful aroma of flowers waking up his senses and sending the sweet smell to his nostrils. Far away, John can see the seagulls flying, he can see the sandcastles lying on the beach. John feel calm and relax. As he goes, the sparkling-crescent moon seems to follow, It’s very bright and luminescent like a white orb in the night. It was beautiful and magical John leaves the beach and about to go home, he enters the forest for shortcuts. Suddenly, John looks around curiously and his face soon turn afraid and anxious. John is lost in the dark forest and he don’t know what to do. No light penetrates, he can feel the scary wind pass him slowly and coldly. All around he can hear the noises that during the day he doesn’t notice seems to magnify and goes louder then leaves a sudden silent. John turns and trying to hear again, there is a howling sound beyond the mountain. Could it be a wolf or a bear ? He keep questioning himself and terrify. John tries to ride the bike fast as he can to escape this ghostly place. In his mind, an image of his family appears. No, he must find a way back home, he can’t give up. John look back behind, a vast area cover by darkness blunt all the scenery behind him. John desperately try to run, but he can’t, John exhausted and he’s like shattering glass, he tries more and more. H e was to tired, he feels the pain and desperate. John blame himself for hisShow MoreRelatedRita Louise Erdrichs Indian Boarding School : The Runaways1684 Words   |  7 Pagespain and sorrow the Indian children had experienced. First of all, Erdrich’s full name is Karen Louise Erdrich and she was born on June 7, 1954, in Little Falls, Minnesota. Her mother Rita Joanne Gourneau was an enrolled member of the Turtle Mountain Band of Ojibwe and the father Ralph Louis Erdrich was the son of German immigrants. It is very clear that in Erdrich’s childhood she developed a strong understanding and affection towards the Chippewa which is an another name for Ojibwe. The authorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ruskin Bond Essay1781 Words   |  8 Pagesthe stalwarts of English literature, Ruskin Bond is a versatile writer widely acknowledged for his children writing, skillful execution of short story and novella, taxonomic depiction of flora and fauna, beautiful and genuine portrayal of the marginalized. His human sympathy for oppressed and quiet heroes invents his fiction with a unique power and places him at a high pedestal. His writing always emphasized the essential novelty of m an, despite his weaknesses. Bond possesses an impeccable understandingRead MoreInquiry Based Opportunities And Narcissism Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pages† who have both denounced the traditional school curriculum. Their beliefs, that public school have ruined students by placing too much emphasis on self-esteem as well as content heavy lesson plans; have been loudly reverberated throughout their writings. I too agree with them that our present day educational system is failing our students. However, there are other ideas regarding our schools that both authors may or may not mention or only glance over. Cathy Davidson merely expresses the benefitsRead MoreBiography of Annie Prolux 993 Words   |  4 PagesHeart Songs and Other Stories, in 1988, followed by a novel, Postcards, in 1992. She won a Pulitzer Prize and a National Book Award for the comic novel, The Shipping News. In 1998 Proulx won two O. Henry prize stories for Brokeback Mountain and The Mud Below. Brokeback Mountain later became an academy award winning film. In Prolux’s short story 55 Miles to the Gas Pump, a drunken rancher named Mr. Croom hides a secret from his wife. He gets drunk and falls off a cliff. After his death Mrs. Croom’s curiosityRead MoreThe Aftershocks Of Oppression : Historical Determinism1451 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Determinism in Writing In his seminal essay, â€Å"The Muse of History,† Derek Walcott argues for the rejection of history as a â€Å"creative or culpable force† in narrative fiction. Walcott proposes that protagonists should â€Å"[walk] in a world without monuments and ruins,† unencumbered by the vestiges of the past. His perspective on the role of history in prose is decidedly anti-determinist, and he maintains that good prose should not be driven by the past. Walcott asserts that writing should not be constrainedRead MoreLife And Writing Of Elizabeth Bishop1497 Words   |  6 Pagesof her various domiciles. I expected an exploration into the meaning and impact of those homes on Bishop’s life and writing, but I was disappointed. Displaced most of her life, place became important to Bishop, from her childhood home in Great Village, Nova Scotia, to the Key West house she shared with Louise Crane; from New York apartments to the several houses she famously â€Å"lost† in her poem, â€Å"One Art,† including those she shared in Brazil with her lover and companion Lota de Macedo Soares. AnRead MoreThomas Hardy s The Darkling Thrush And The Lost Baby Poem1586 Words   |  7 Pagescan be difficult, yet there is some form of hope within each of their poems. Hardy’s â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† and Clifton’s â€Å"The Lost Baby Poem† have different styles due to the poets vastly different backgrounds, yet both poems posses a similar somber tone throughout, with a glimmer of positivity by the end of each. Lucille Clifton and Thomas Hardy have vastly different writing styles, which could be attributed to their dissimilar backgrounds. Clifton, a 20th century African American poet, wrote shortRead MoreA Good Man Is Hard For Find By Flannery O Connor1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough different experiences. Thus, these experiences affect his or her viewpoint and in turn flaw ones view on a good man. O’Connor conveys this theme through her excellent use of diction, imagery, foreshadowing, and symbolism as well as through a creative use of repetition and an omniscient point of view. The grandmother, the main character of the story, is manipulative. Her definition of a ‘good man’ refers to the characteristics that a ‘good man’ should possess. She believes that the true definitionRead More Essay on Escape in The Glass Menagerie1047 Words   |  5 Pagesreal world. Laura, Amanda, Tom and Jim use various methods to escape the brutalities of life. Laura retreats into a world of glass animals and old gramophone records. Amanda is obsessed with living in her past. Tom escapes into his world of poetry writing and movies. Jim also reverts to his past and remembers the days when he was a hero. Laura retreats into a world of glass animals and old gramophone records. Even when it appears that Laura is finally overcoming her shyness and hypersensitivityRead More Rhetoric in the American Immigration Debate Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent rhetorical approaches by whether or not they reach their intended audiences. Nazario fulfills her journalistic raison d’à ªtre by succeeding at objectivity, while Obama and Hayworth as politicians succeed by lying by omission in speeches and in writing in order to pursue policy goals and appease supporters. Sonia Nazario, herself an immigrant, was aware of the acrimonious debate on undocumented migration through her work as a prominent Los Angeles journalist. The issue was brought to a head when

Gangsta Rap Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Gangsta Rap Essay, Research Paper Gangsta blame is a signifier of look which uses words with rhythmicbeats to do one point or another. What separates gangsta blame from regular blame is that gangsta blame talksabout pack life and knap normally doesn # 8217 ; t. Lyrics in gangsta blame that cause the most contention are the onesthat talk about killing people or 1s that portray adult female as merely objects. Peoples like Delores Tucker andWilliam Bennett are presently seeking to ban these # 8220 ; foul # 8221 ; wordss because they believe that these lyricscorrupt heads. But even though gangsta rappers like Tupac Shakur and # 8220 ; Biggie Smalls # 8221 ; might knap abouthurting adult females or killing people, they are non to be blamed for what people do irrespective of whatcorrelation there might be. And even though it is diffident whether or non gangsta blame causes violent offenses, itshould neer be used as a whipping boy for concealing the more of import issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Gangsta Rap Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Delores C. Tucker, president of the National Political Congress of Black Women inWashington, D.C. , is working with William Bennett to ban blame music because of its rough wordss anddisparaging position of adult females. It is true that blame music, particularly gangsta blame, uses coarse linguistic communication and alsodenigrate adult females. But blame, like all types of music is a signifier of look. Just like poesy or art, itexpresses 1s position. It doesn # 8217 ; t affair that rap uses expressed wordss but, it does count if you take off theright to show oneself. Because if 1s right to show his or her sentiment freely was taken off, so theexpression will non be existent. Tucker one time stated # 8220 ; Stop bring forthing [ gangsta blame ] and selling it to our children. # 8221 ; ( ? 95 Emerge ) Stoping the production will non halt anything and Tucker evidently has no thought what thereal jobs are. Tucker and Bennett should be concerned more about covering with the more impo rtantissues that pestilence society than seeking to take away peoples! right to liberate address. In the picture # 8220 ; Gangs in Los Angeles # 8221 ; ( ? 91 Tom Brokaw ) , existent life mobsters are shown in their ownneighborhood. Unlike how music picture # 8217 ; s demo gang life, life as a mobster is non every bit glamourous as it isportrayed in picture. Many of the kids born in these # 8220 ; goons # 8221 ; are most likely traveling to go gangmembers every bit good because of their surroundin gs and how they are raised. These kids might non hold thesupport, love, and counsel of parents or what is more common now, a parent. All they see around them isdrugs, packs, andcrime. By fall ining a pack, they gain a sense of belonging and pride. But more frequently, this isjust a false sense, and finally, they lose what should be most of import to them. Rap music does notcause them to go gang members or to perpetrate violent offenses, it is merely one of the ways gangstersexpress themselves. The more of import issues that should concern politicians and people like Tucker andBennett should be that of calculating out how they will halt the! rhythm of packs, non traveling after the rappers. â€Å"Power Rangers, † ( ? 96 Courie ) a docudrama on the forbiddance of a telecasting show because of thebelief that it promoted force among immature kids is a good illustration of how people frequently use ascapegoat to conceal more of import issues. In Canada and New Zealand, a popular te lecasting show called†Power Rangers† was put off air because many people believed it promoted force. Whether or non it didpromote force is irrelevant to the job. The job was, kids appeared to be more violent. Theissue is about the kids, non the show they watched the twenty-four hours before. Taking away the show will non solveanything. The job concerned the behaviour of kids and people should hold focused their attentionon that alternatively of utilizing telecasting as a whipping boy like Tucker and Bennett use blame music as a whipping boy. In decision, what people need to make is to halt faulting their ain jobs on issues that doesn’tconcern them. Even though scapegoating is non a new issue, people should halt and believe about the mainproblems instead that being speedy to fault jobs on the little issues. Gangsta blame is non what should befocused on, but instead the chief jobs behind gangsta blame. Possibly by really understanding andlistening to the jobs that c ause some rappers to go so angered, they might happen solutions totoday’s problems.______________________________________________________________________________WORKS CITED 1. # 8220 ; Gangsta Rap # 8221 ; ( press release ) Emerge Magazine 19952. # 8220 ; Gangs in Los Angeles # 8221 ; Tom Brokaw, 19913. # 8220 ; Power Rangers # 8221 ; , Katie Courie. Today Show 1996

China Between The Fall Of The KMT And Mao Tse

China Between The Fall Of The KMT And Mao Tse-Tung Essay s DeathThe time from 1949-1976 was a time of transition for China. Many social andeconomic changes occurred through this period. When the Kuomintang governmentcollapsed and Mao Tse-Tung assumed control, this marked the beginning of massivereformation for what would become the Peoples Republic. With Mao Tse-Tungs rule came governmental reform which led to socialbetterment. His first years of rule included careful development and reorganizationbacked by Soviet support. The landlord class was wiped out with the nationwide landreform and the land was divided among the peasantry. Equality prevailed for women andattacks where made on official corruption. Efforts were made to improve sanitation andliteracy among the people. These changes generated patriotism during Chinasinvolvement in the Korean War. While social reforms proved to be beneficial to China, attempts for industrial andagricultural growth were not as successful. From 1953-57 industrial production wasexpanded and agriculture was collectivized. But disappointing agricultural productionled to the frenzied Great Leap Forward of 1958-60. This program, initiated by Mao, wasdesigned to step up industrial production to a level with Britain and create a trulycommunal society without Russias aid; all in the course of 15 years. The project was afailure and Liu Shao-Chi temporarily took over Maos position as head of state. When differences between party leaders arose, and Mao Tse-Tung began feelingthat the revolution was exhausted, he launched the Cultural Revolution of 1966-69. Thiswas intended to stir up the conservative government/military and add more revolutionaryelements, ridding the nation of the four olds: old ideas, old culture, old customs, andold habits. These revolutions often turned into violent acts. When stability was restored,foreign relations was vastly improved. The Peoples Republic of China was admitted intothe United Nations in 1971. The time period between the fall of the KMT and Mao Tse-Tungs death was anera of revolutionary transition into a nation for the people. At one point nearly leadinginto a civil war. The key developments that occurred during this span were greatlysignificant in shaping China into what it is today.Words/ Pages : 381 / 24

flagstone Essay Example For Students

flagstone Essay Flagstone is used for many different things such as ornamental decoration and paving walkways. Flagstone is a type of sandstone. It comes in random shapes or it is cut rectangular. Some of the colors that it comes in are beige, tan, yellow, and red.Before the flagstone deteriorates or dulls it can be sealed with porous stone sealer, which can be ordered from Aldon Chemical. These seals can increase how long the sandstone lasts. These seals can create gloss, change the color tints, and help resist from the absorption of water into the flagstone which can harm it. To also increase the life span of flagstone a person could used grout or flagstone mortar between the pieces of flagstone for another type of seal. Flagstone or sandstone are siliciclastic sedimentary rocks that are mainly consisted of sand-size grains bonded together by chemical cement or compaction. The different types of flagstone are characterized by color, pattern or shape. Some kinds or flagstone include Tennessee sands tone, rainbow, cherry Log, dark orchard, and dove gray. If it is characterized as irregular than it comes in different shapes. If it is characterized as pattern then it comes in rectangular form. The texture of this flagstone depends on the size and sorting of the detrital grains, and the roundness of these particles.This characteristic depends on how the sediment is dumped. Environments that could harm the hardness or the maturity of the flagstone are places with water such as a river flood plain or swamps. Mature flagstone are clay free and well sorted with a nearly uniform particle size. Super mature flagstone are those that are clay-free, well sorted with well-rounded or smooth sand particles. This type of stone is usually found in sand dunes where wind is able to smooth the sand particles.The prices of flagstone vary between the different types but not that much. A person can by flagstone from a number of places and one major seller is Luck Stone.Flagstone comes in 3000-pound b undles and other large orders like we had in our garden, which is about sixty dollars from Luck Stone. Flagstone is commonly used in gardens, murals and other places like it everywhere. Flagstone can create beautiful sites with mortar, grout, or plants and flowers in between the different stones. Flagstone has other uses also such as building retainer walls or waterfalls. Flagstone is shown though all these different source to be a resource that is valuable to our garden and building society. I have learned a great deal about flagstone and how it is used. Later in my lifetime I can build a garden or some sort of path using this knowledge of flagstone. I think in building a garden a person becomes closer to god because a person is one with nature while working and carrying on the beauty of this Earth that God made. The Lord God then took the man and settled him in the Garden of Eden, to cultivate and care for it. Genesis 2:15. In the beginning was a garden and he placed Adam in it to care for it and cultivate it so we have the same duty to glorify his name and make the earth in which he created a better and more beautiful place. A garden is also a sign of life because it shows creation and beauty in how a person can plant a seed and it will grow. God makes all kinds of life possible through his love and creation. We can learn from the beauty and complexity of a garden how powerful and great God is in how every plant, tree, grass, and flower is different in some aspect. The designs in his creations are so intricate. God is truly a great god.

Of How Much Value Essays - Prison Break The Final Break

Of How Much Value Younger September 21, 2000 English (Sec.7) Of How Much Value Sara stares at the clock and counts each second that goes by. Every minute means on more minute of grief. She is not sure why she feels so down. She cannot understand why her own image of herself is so unattractive. Sara suffers from depression. Depression is a disease that causes a chemical imbalance in the brain resulting in a melancholy mood. This disease is a very young disease. It has only recently become known as a disease. These are all the things that had to be explained to Sara during her visit to the doctor, or in other words, a psychiatrist. She had been lacking a positive self-concept for years and has now decided that it is time to take care of it. Sara feels much anxiety and the fact that she is going to a psychiatrist at the age of seventeen makes her feel even more stressed out. She is very nervous long before it is time for her to attend the doctors office. Saras visit is successful. She leaves the office with a new vision of her life. Sara keeps a journal of each days events. She tells about what happened and then how she responded to it. She also writes little poems that describe her moods. She only shares six of her journal entries out of thousands. Each one is personal to her, but she is willing to share six because they could help others understand themselves better. Today was just another dull day. David, the guy who I really like, Would not even look at me. I really do not understand why I am on this earth at all. My existence means nothing to anyone. None of my friends value our friendship nearly as much as I do. What is my purpose? Where do I belong? Sara is on the downside of her disease. She is in the depths of it. She looks upon the world as though she is not apart of it. She watches events and people evolve around her but never becomes the nucleus. Sara does not know herself. In her mind, she is an unidentifiable person. Sara once said, I have no trust left in me. Some would take that comment for what it is worth, but Sara means for it to go much deeper then just the words. So, so you think you can tell Heaven from hell Blue Skies from pain Can you tell a green field From a cold steel rail A smile from a veil Do you think you can tell Did they get you trade Your heroes for ghosts Hot ashes for trees Hot air for a cool breeze Cold comfort for change Did you exchange A walk on part in the war For a lead role in a cage How I wish, how I wish you were here Were just two lost souls Swimming in a fish bowl Year after year Running over the same old ground How we found the same old fears Wish you were here -Pink Floyd- Sara has had a tendency to write this song on everything she obtains, from her paper back books to a napkin in a restaurant. The song constantly sticks in her mind reminding her of her dreaded state of mind. To whom it may concern: Why must I live? Why must I be here? Take me away To a place of reverence I want to be happy I want to be free I want not to feel dread I want to feel calm I want the weather to be warm and comforting I want to not be bundled up as I am in my own mind and body Warmth shall set me free Light shall heal my wounds This dark only opens each wound further Take me away to delight. Saras depression usually takes itself to a worse state when it is wintertime. When she does not receive proper light from the sun her disease affects her more. I have found myself in my own little world I feel as though I am another soul I have been taken aback from the evil spirit It lifts me to a new horizon I shall fly high to the bright, open skies I am free to begin a new life. Sara took herself to a doctor and was prescribed medicine that was to take away all her horrible feelings. She would look at her life in a

THE HERO AND THE NYMPH Essay Example For Students

THE HERO AND THE NYMPH Essay or Vikramorvasie NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Hero and the Nymph. Trans. Sri Aurobindo. Hyderabad: Government Central Press, 1911. PURURAVAS: Halt, ruffian, halt! Thou in thy giant armsBearest away my Urvasie! He hasSoared up from a great crag in the skyAnd wars me, hurling downward bitter rainOf arrows. With this thunderbolt I smite thee. We will write a custom essay on THE HERO AND THE NYMPH specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I am deceived! This was a cloudEquipped for rain, no proud and lustful fiend,The rainbow, not a weapon drawn to kill,Quick-driving showers are these, not sleety rainOf arrows; and that brilliant line like streakOf gold upon a touchstone, cloud-inarmed,I saw, was lightning, not my Urvasie. Where shall I find her now? Where clasp those thighsSwelling and smooth and white?This grove, this grove should find her. And here, O here is something to enrage my resolution.Red-tinged, expanding, wet and full of rain,These blossom-cups recall to me her eyesBrimming with angry tears. How shall I trace her,Or what thing tells me Here and here she wandered?If she had touched with her beloved feetThe rain-drenched forest-sands, there were a lineOf little gracious footprints seen, with lacEnvermeilled, sinking deeper towards the heelBecause oerburdened by her hips large glories.I see a hint of her! This wayThen went her angry beauty! Lo, her bodiceBright green as is a parrots belly, smittenWith crimson drops. It once veiled in her bosomAnd paused to show her naval deep as love.These are her tears that from those angry eyesWent trickling, stealing scarlet from her lipsTo spangle all this green. Doubtless her heavingTumult of breasts broke its dear hold and, sheStumbling in anger, from my Heaven it drifted.Ill gather it to my kisses. O my heart!Only green grass with dragon-wings enamelled!From whom shall I in all the desolate forestHave tidings of her, or what creature help me?Lo, in yon waste of crags the peacock! heUpon a cool moist rock that breathes of rainExults, aspires, his gorgeous mass of plumesSeized, blown and scattered by the roaring gusts.Pregnant of shrillness is his outstretched throat,His look is with the clouds. Him I will question:Have the bright corners of thine eyes beheld,O sapphire-throated bird, her, my delight,My wife, my passion, my sweet grief? YieldingNo answer, he begins his gorgeous dance.Why should he be so glad of my hearts woe?I know thee, peacock. Since my cruel lossThy plumes that stream in splendour on the wind,Have not one rival left. For when her heavyDark wave of tresses over all the bedIn softness wide magnificently collapsedOn her smooth shoulders massing purple gloryAnd bright with flowers, she passioning in my arms,Who then was ravished with thy brilliant plumes,Vain bird ? I question thee not, heartless thing,That joyest in others pain.

Federal Reserve Essays

Federal Reserve Essays Federal Reserve Essay Federal Reserve Essay The U.S. Economy was affected in many ways by the numerous tax rate cuts; the affects include the stock market, manufacturing, retail sales, unemployment, U.S. consumer confidence, and rumors of wars.The Feds goal is to make money more available to consumers, who drive two-thirds of Americas economy, and keep them spending.Most economists think the terrorist attacks of September 11, pushed the U.S. Economy, already weak after a year-long slowdown in spending by businesses, into a recession.The terrorist attacks have significantly heightened uncertainty in an economy that was already weak, the Fed statement said.Business and household spending as a consequence are being further damped.Recent data hinted that the beleaguered manufacturing sector, which has borne the brunt of a year-long slowdown in the general economy, was beginning to recover before the attacks.But there have also been signs that consumer confidence was beginning to wane before the attacks, an d it has certainly done so in the days since. (Cnnmoney,10/02/01)One may question if the Feds policy moves are effective any more.After all, it would seem that nine rate cuts in a year would at least have had an impact on stock prices, which usually resond positively to lower rates.Instead, major stock indexes, even before Sept. 11, were below the levels they held before the Fed started cutting rates.The stock market discovered that many of the numbers it had been using to try to make a case for buying expensive stocks ranged from aggressively promotional to outright lies and one of the Big Five accounting firms was convicted of fraud. (Macleans, 9/16/02)The travel industry was in crisis, and some airlines would go bankrupt.On a fiscal side, President Bush and Congress had approved a $40-billion emergency relief package and a $15-billion bailout of the airline industry in the day.

Voting essays

Voting essays If you were to ask me a few years ago why voting was important, I wouldnt really have the proper grasp as to why you should. A few years ago, what was on television that night was important to me, American politics were only the video clips that my father watched on the news before I was able to take over with MTV and vegetate mindlessly. Politics was a very foreign concept to me; I always saw it as a very complicated issue. Perhaps due to the fact that whenever a child asked an adult, What is the difference between a Democrat and a Communist? They would give some round about response totally evading the actual answer, only so they could be politically correct and protect any actual real information entering their childs head, for example, they reply with, Well dear, its quite confusing. If people would actually take the time and effort to explain the differences from the previous hypothetical (because there are really so few), our government would be more supported by the people it is supposed to support. Aside from the past Election of 2000, voting is really important. Voting gives the population an equal opportunity completely blind of race, sex, origin, etc. to actually contribute; free from all of the vices our society holds. To go to the voting booth is to say, I care enough about the welfare of my country to come down here to contribute to the progression of a wonderful capitalist society, Americas. (Now if you really want to contribute to a great capitalist society, just remember this handy rule of thumb, Got an R? You get a hole.) Also, if you dont vote, then dont complain. The most pathetic and disgusting thing about democracy is the people that abuse it. If you dont vote, then you have no room to moan and groan about the person elected, and can you guess why? Well, for starters, if you dont vote, you really dont...

Gratitude Quotes That Come Straight From the Heart

Gratitude Quotes That Come Straight From the Heart Jean Baptiste Massieu, the famous deaf educator, made a statement that is now considered a French proverb. He said, Gratitude is the memory of the heart. Indeed, appreciation comes when you feel grateful from the depths of your heart. The head keeps an account of all the benefits you received and gave. But the heart records the feelings of appreciation, humility, and generosity that one feels when someone showers you with kindness. In addition, gratitude and empathy are some of the attitudes that can help you achieve happiness, according to five psychology studies that can help restore your faith in humanity.   Express Gratitude at Every Opportunity Even a small act of kindness deserves a thanks. You cannot weigh the nobility of the act against intentions to decide whether or not to show your gratitude. So what if your friend helped you get a job only because he wanted you to return the favor? So what if you think that he could have helped you get a better job? It is your moral obligation to express gratitude. In the words of Alfred Painter, saying thank you is more than good manners. It is good spirituality. Ralph Marston Make it a habit to tell people thank you. To express your appreciation sincerely and without the expectation of anything in return. Truly appreciate those around you, and you’ll soon find many others around you. Truly appreciate life, and you’ll find that you have more of it. Maya Angelou I want to thank you, Lord, for life and all that’s in it. Thank you for the day and for the hour, and the minute. Toni Mont To say thank you is in recognition of humanity. Joseph Adisson Gratitude is the best attitude. There is not a more pleasing exercise of the mind than gratitude. It is accompanied with such an inward satisfaction that the duty is sufficiently rewarded by the performance. Fred De Witt Van Amburgh None is more impoverished than the one who has no gratitude. Gratitude is a currency that we can mint for ourselves, and spend without fear of bankruptcy. Edwin Arlington Robinson Two kinds of gratitude: The sudden kind we feel for what we take; the larger kind we feel for what we give. Lionel Hampton Gratitude is when memory is stored in the heart and not in the mind. Oscar Wilde The smallest act of kindness is worth more than the grandest intention. James Matthew Barrie Those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from themselves. Gordon T. Watts The depth and the willingness with which we serve is a direct reflection of our gratitude. John Wooden Things turn out best for people who make the best of the way things turn out. John F. Kennedy As we express our gratitude, we must never forget that the highest appreciation is not to utter words, but to live by them. Alice Walker Thank you is the best prayer that anyone could say. I say that one a lot. Thank you expresses extreme gratitude, humility, understanding. Courtland Milloy Nothing purchased can come close to the renewed sense of gratitude for having family and friends. Benjamin Franklin To the generous mind, the heaviest debt is that of gratitude, when it is not in our power to repay it. Ralph H. Blum There is a calmness to a life lived in gratitude, a quiet joy. Melody Beattie Gratitude unlocks the fullness of life. It turns what we have into enough, and more. It turns denial into acceptance, chaos to order, confusion to clarity. It can turn a meal into a feast, a house into a home, a stranger into a friend. Terri Guillemets As each day comes to us refreshed and anew, so does my gratitude renew itself daily. The breaking of the sun over the horizon is my grateful heart dawning upon a blessed world. G. B. Stern Silent gratitude isnt much use to anyone.

ERG international,inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ERG international,inc - Essay Example The case study of Environmental Research Groups International, Inc. (ERG) proffered issues pertinent to evaluating the overall business plan and future prospects of the organization given previous experiences. ERG is currently owned by spouses Claude and Sherrie Robbins, who both have been instrumental in steering the company from its meager beginnings as a two-person operating entity, to an organization spanning the areas of energy, natural resources, and the environment. With a just recently lost bid for a 5-year, $12 million contract for the Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) technical services hotline, Claude Robbins remains optimistic of the future thrusts and prospects for the organization. 2. Executive Summary The study aims to present an understanding of facts and situations that need to be addressed given diverse areas that impact ERG’s operations. The paper would be outlined by initially presenting a summary of the business plan of ERG with i dentified objectives. Likewise, the discourse would delve into relevant details of the business including a brief historical background of the company, its products and its development and growth process. The company’s strengths and weaknesses would likewise be identified; including the main issues that currently face the organization. Finally, the factors that contributed to ERG’s success and the key factors affecting the industry, in general, would be determined, prior to discussing the proposed strategies that would be recommended to achieve identified goals. A. Brief Summary of Plan To achieve growth goals of increasing revenue and size, ERG plans to focus on using government and utilities as their target markets with large and mid-size contracts. The organization likewise plans to target the private sector through focusing on the top 1000 Fortune companies. ERG would offer services ranging from developing, managing, and evaluating demand-side management (DSM) prog rams, conservation programs, and alternative supply side options; as well as the development of innovative options for fuel consumption and improved technological efficiencies. The strategies that are planned to be used, as envisioned by ERG’s personnel are: â€Å"(1) creating a board of directors, composed partly of influential industry insiders who were likely to be aware of requests for proposals, (2) spreading out the marketing function by providing incentives to existing staff for obtaining future contracts, and (3) hiring a person whose sole task would be to solicit projects, with compensation tied to acceptance rate or profitability† (Winn 12). B. Major Objectives According to Claude L. Robbins, President of ERG, there are growth plans for the organization, to wit: â€Å"using government and utilities as a base, ERG would like to (a) expand our federal government contracts, particularly multi-year small business (and Woman-Owned Business) set-asides (which we h ave not actively pursued in the past), (b) develop long term consulting relationships with public and private utilities that are developing, managing, and evaluating demand-side management programs, conservation programs, and alternative supply side options (including cogeneration, and alternative fuels), (c) increase current work level for present client base. In the private sector ERG would like to focus on: (a) working with Fortune 1000 companies to develop energy efficiency and conservation policy as well as developing energy efficient buildings, (b) developing private sector industrial DSM and conservation programs, and (c) work with companies to develop/test new energy efficient technology† (Winn 11). As clearly indicated, the goal for the company is â€Å"to increase ERG's revenues and its size substantially over the next five years† (Winn 11). 3. History of the Business A. Background of the Company The company was originally formed by spouses Claude and Sherrie Robbins on Valentine’

Just answer an essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Just answer an question - Essay Example Value hedonism is a basic principle of Utilitarianism, which provides that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the intrinsic value that would be obtained from such an action, where the intrinsic value is measurable based on the happiness index. Thus, based on this principle, the Ford Motor Company’s decision not to make an improvement on its defective gas tank design because the costs of improving the design outweighed its benefits is right and moral, since it gave happiness to the company. On the other hand consequentialism is an important aspect of the Utilitarianism, where the rightness or wrongness of an act is also judged, based on how good or bad the consequences it produces are. The fundamental aspect of Utilitarianism regarding consequentialism is the fact that; good intentions do not matter in determining the rightness of an action, as long as good consequences are obtainable. Therefore, based on this principle, the Ford Motor Company’s decision is good, since despite the intention of the action, the consequences were good, since the company did not incur the extra costs. However, through applying the Utilitarianism concept of universality, all individuals to be affected by the consequences of an action are deemed morally relevant. Thus, considering the Ford Motor Company’s decision would impact negatively on the customers of the company, then it is morally wrong. This view point is emphasized by the impartialism principle of Utilitarianism, which requires that all individual affected by the action should count equally, as regards the consequences of an action. This being the case, the Ford Motor Company’s decision is immoral, since its consequences do not grant the customers of the company equal happiness, as it does to the

Long term project of French spirit promotion in Germany Essay

Long term project of French spirit promotion in Germany - Essay Example Initially there has been a rumor that Ubi-France intended to purchase more number of shares towards acquisition of the German rival groups. The business situation was therefore tensed, and business relationship between France and Germany stained. Such rumors have been refuted by the officials from the Ubi-France, rather the officials have stressed over the need to secure market shares and achieve customer satisfaction. The company has adopted and implemented â€Å"the use of operational ideas and successful experiences from their operations in France†, and has integrated the after purchase services with the sales network, aimed at the establishment â€Å"of a comprehensive and high-efficiency sales-service network† (Warren, 2001). The German consumer market venture has recorded sales of more than twenty thousand units on monthly basis, which is forty percent greater than the previous solo performance of the company. Ubi-France has felt victim of the sociolinguistic challenges within German market. The multinational companies including Ubi-France have been accused for their involvement in such practices which generate â€Å"creativity-driven shock values, controversy and extreme individualism commonly accepted in the North American and Western European markets†. Ubi-France has experienced severe tribulations due to its â€Å"advertising language as culture-blind and bona fid†, and German market created great hurdle for the industry. It has been important for the company to implement congruence of the values, and avoid the existence of the cultural values in the organization in an implicit manner. It has been observed that the categorization of the organizational, departmental and employee values and behaviors on the basis of the cultural affinity has generated satisfaction among the employees, and has developed positive impact on their â€Å"commitment, absenteeism, turnover, mora le and

Female Offenders( AfricanAmerican women) Research Paper

Female Offenders( AfricanAmerican women) - Research Paper Example These African Americans are serving mostly for non violent crimes which include property disputes. These African Americans face a lot of challenges while in the prison and some special services are also being provided to these women so that they can avoid the problems (Snell 1994; Sabol et al 2007). It has been seen that many of the problems that women face in the prison are due to the inefficiencies of the system which have not been corrected by the authorities concerned. A problem for most of the incarcerated females is that they cannot be accommodated in places nearby their home. This is because few facilities allow the accommodation of female prisoners. In United States it has been seen that women in prison are usually a hundred miles away from their child’s residence. It is stated that â€Å"more than 60 % of all women are incarcerated more than one hundred miles from their child’s place of residence† (Human Rights Watch 1996). This problem is related to the families of the female offenders as these females cannot remain in contact with their family. Economic resources of the African American women are low and hence it becomes even more difficult for the family to pay visits to the females. Female prisoners are kept in a high security zone where they c annot be harmed in anyway. This high security zone can prove to be problematic for them as they are discriminated and misclassified accordingly in these high security zones. The facilities available these days in the prisons are not enough to provide the women with the basic rights. The hygiene and healthcare systems of the prison were originally established for men and hence these African American women have to suffer at the hands of the authorities. Gynecological examination is not yet much prevalent in the prison systems of the United States. It has also been seen that many African American women are incarcerated for the use of drugs but these

MOD 3 CA ACC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MOD 3 CA ACC - Essay Example The Chief Financial Officer of the company, Lester Ledger, feels that the product lacks the aesthetic appeal and suggests repackaging them in designer bottles. This will increase the variable cost per unit by $ 4.75 and the fixed production costs will increase by $ 40,000 per year. He predicts that the sales volume will increase by 32 % (264,000 units). However, the increase in sales does not outdo the increased costs and the company will incur a loss of $ 1.334 million (as shown in Appendix 2). According to the Production Manager, Buster Bumble, the reduction in the standard size of the bottle by 10 % would drop the variable costs by $ 2.65 (amounts to $ 13.35 per unit). However, due to the reduced size, the sales will drop to $ 195,500 units. Though the contribution margin is considerably increased, the company still incurs a loss of $ 549,425 (as shown in Appendix 3). The marketing manager suggests that the product requires more promotion and an increase of marketing budget by $ 527,000 will be appropriate. This, combined with a price increase by $4.90 per unit will increase the sales volume by 17 % (234,000 units). The contribution margin is considerably increased as both the sales volume and the unit prices are higher than before. The increase in the contribution margin is significantly higher than that of the fixed costs and hence results in a profit of $ 129,600 (Appendix 4). It is evident from the above analysis that the first three proposals still result in a heavy loss for The Lovely Scent Perfume Company. The proposal made by the marketing manager indicates an estimated profit of $ 129,600. Hence it is recommended that the company should increase the marketing budget (by $ 527,000) and also increase the price by $ 4.90 per

Customer Service Supervisor Training Program Essay Example for Free

Customer Service Supervisor Training Program Essay KSA requirements  Ã‚   Program Objectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the program’s conclusion participants should: Knowledge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * be familiar with relevant university, state and federal policies, systems, procedures and regulations to ensure customer satisfaction Skill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * have all personal computer skills required to effectively work in the assigned work unit * be able to diffuse a variety of hostile and unpleasant customer situations * be competent in managing staff and the customer service work unit Ability * identify and adapt to different customer communication styles and cultural backgrounds and to recognize and resolve their needs      * adopt excellent time management procedures while adhering to relevant rules, processes and directives * assume effective problem solving procedures Program Agenda    Module and rationale Goals Training Methods 1. Policies and Procedures In order for a CSS to effectively operate within the work unit he/she must first be familiar and be able to work within   required polices and procedures. understand and work within the constraints of relevant university, state and federal policies, systems, procedures and regulations 1 day workshop PPT., individual, pair and group activities. (Participants will be provided with a folio all documentation for future reference.) 2. Personal Computer Skills In order for a CSS to effectively operate within the work unit he/she must be informed and able to use university information systems and databases, together with a number of software applications. obtain a competent working knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets, university information systems and databases, software applications 1 day workshop PPT, hands-on computer tuorial 4 ongoing weekly online tutorials 3. Understanding Customers and their needs Customers possess different styles of behaviour and learning how to adjust to those differing styles improves customer service and communication. understand the process of communication and the cultural differences that prevail, develop skills in overcoming barriers to communication, understand the importance of body language in communication,  ½ day workshop PPT, individual, pair and group activities  ½ day in the work unit role plays 4. Action Leadership    To be an effective leader,   a CSS needs to develop their own leadership skills and personal authority, as well as investigate tactics for building a strong and supportive team, handle difficult problems competently, and take accountability for end results. understand how to be an effective leader, understand how people are motivated, be better able to use the talents of individual members within the work unit, be able to develop realistic action plans 1 day workshop PPT, individual, pair group activities Take home ‘action plan’ assignment’ 5. Time Management    One of the biggest challenges a CSS has to face is managing their time.   They are often inundated with questions, queries and wants form all sides staff, customers and management.   The ability to identify and focus their attention on the most important tasks is often the difference between a successful or unsuccessful CSS. understand the importance of time in the role of CSS, identify priorities, allocate time between various activities, develop time schedules, deal with the unexpected . 1 day workshop PPT, individual, pair and group activities 6. Managing Conflict and problem solving    Not all customers are easy to manage and an effective CSS must develop effective conflict management and resolution skills to ensure customer satisfaction. These skills will also carry across to conflict issues within the work unit. understand the approach to problem solving, encourage prompt problem-solving through prompt personal action, evaluate the choices and choose the optimum solutions, understand the principles of negotiation  ½ day workshop PPT, individual, pair and group activities     ½ day in the work unit role plays       Evaluation    Participants will be given a series of scenarios, and at specific points they will be asked to indicate how they would respond. The scenarios will be realistic, using pictures, sound files, background information and video clips. In this was, a variety of behavioral measures will be gathered in a short period of time, and the process will not be dependent on the subjective judgments of examiners.

Preparation of Diphenylisoxazoline by a Dipolar Cycloadditio

Preparation of Diphenylisoxazoline by a Dipolar Cycloadditio Aims The aims of this experiment were: to synthesise a diphenylisoxazoline by a 1,3- dipolar cycloaddition reaction this involved the preparation of an oxime which was oxidised to form a rather unstable nitrile oxide which was trapped in situ with an alkene to yield an isoxazoline.; to fully characterise both, the intermediate oxime and the final isoxazoline, with Infra-Red and Proton NMR spectra. Experimental Preparation of benzaldehyde oxime In a fume cupboard, sodium hydroxide (3.5g) was dissolved in water (30mL) in a 100mL conical flask containing a magnetic stirrer bar. The solution was then allowed to cool down to ambient temperature and benzaldehyde (0.5mL) was added followed by hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.5g). The stirrer was set to a maximum potency to allow for vigorous stiring for about 5 minutes. The conical flask was stopped at this stage. After 5 minutes, the stopper was removed from the flask and further portions of benzaldehyde (0.5mL) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.5g) were added. This sequence was repeated until all the benzaldehyde (total 5.1mL) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (total 4.2g) were consumed. The reaction mixture warmed up and the solution became homogeneous indicates complete consumption of benzaldehyde. With the aid of a broad-range pH indicator, the reaction mixture was neutralised with glacial acetic acid (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 1.6mL). At this stage a few drops of water were added to help dissolving any sodium acetate precipitate formed. The solution was then allowed to cool and the organic material (top layer) extracted with diethyl ether (2 x 30mL) to a 100mL beaker. A few spatulas of magnesium sulphate were added to the beaker to dry the organic extracts. The mixture was filtered off into a round-bottomed flask and the solvent removed on a rotary evaporator. The yield and the IR spectrum of the oil were recorded. 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction Again in a fume cupboard, styrene (2.9mL) and triethylamine (0.3mL) were dissolved in dichloromethane (15mL) in a 100 mL conical flask. Sodium hypochloride solution (25mL, ca. 10% available chlorine) was added whilst stirring with the aid of a magnetic stirrer bar already in the flask. The flask was placed into an ice bath and the oily oxime (2.5g) was added dropwise with the aid of a Pasteur pipette over a period of 15 minutes. Once addition was completed, the reaction mixture was allowed to stir in the ice bath for a further period of 45 minutes. The whole reaction mixture was transferred to a separating funnel where it was allowed to stand for a few minutes before the lower organic phase was extracted. Afterwards, the remaining aqueous phase was extracted with further dichloromethane (15mL) and both organic extracts combined and dried over magnesium sulphate (a few spatulas as required). The mixture was filtered into a round-bottomed flask, to remove the magnesium sulphate. The flask was placed onto a rotary evaporator to remove any remaining solvent. The weight of the crude product was recorded and the same recrystallised from ethanol. An IR spectrum was run through the pure product and the yield recorded. Results Percentage yield Step 1: Preparation of Benzaldehyde Oxime The first step of this experiment was to synthesise the benzaldehyde oxime. The reaction scheme for this synthesis is as follows: Stoichiometric ratio 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡1 Benzaldehyde used = 5.1mL | density benzaldehyde = 1.0415 gml-1, mass = 5.31g (3 S.F.) Molecular mass = 106.12 gmol-1, therefore n. of moles = (3 S.F.) NH2OHà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢HCl used = 4.2g | Molecular mass = 69.5 gmol.1, hence n. of moles = NaOH used = 3.5g | Molecular mass = 40 gmol.1, hence n. of moles = Experimental ratio Stoichiometric ratio 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡1, hence benzaldehyde is the limiting reagent. N. of moles of benzaldehyde = n. of moles of benzaldehyde oxime Benzaldehyde oxime yield = 4.43g |Molecular mass = 121.139 gmol.1, thus n. of moles = Step 2: 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction The preparation of the diphenylisoxazoline by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition follows the following reaction scheme: Benzaldehyde oxime used = 2.50g | Molecular mass = 121.14 gmol-1, therefore n. of moles = Styrene used = 2.90mL = 2.64g | Molecular mass = 104.15 gmol-1, hence n. of moles = NaOCl (ca. 10% available Cl) used = 25 mL | density NaOCl = 1.206 gmL-1, hence 30.15g used. Molecular mass = 74.5 gmol-1, therefore n. of moles = C6H15N used = 0.3 mL | density C6H15N = 0.726 gcm-3, hence 0.218g used. Molecular mass = 101.19 gmol-1, therefore n. of moles = Stoichiometric ratio of benzaldehyde oxime reacting with styrene is of 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡1 Benzaldehyde oxime is the limiting reagent N. of moles of benzaldehyde oxime = n. of moles of diphenylisoxazoline Yield of diphenylisoxazoline = 1.00g | molecular mass = 223.270 gmol-1, thus n. of moles = Overall % yield Spectroscopic data Coupling Constants: H8 at CD: 2J8,7 = 16.4 Hz , 3J8,6 = 8.4 Hz H7 at CD: 2J7,8 = 16.4 Hz , 3J7,6 = 11.2 Hz H6 at CE: 3J6,7 = 11.2 Hz, 3J6,8 = 8.4 Hz Infra-Red Spectra Benzaldehyde Oxime O-H- (stretch) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 3500-3100 cm-1, broad peak C=N- à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 1650 cm-1 sp3 C-H à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  3100-2750 (including aldehyde sp3 C-H) C=C aromatic à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  1450-1500 cm-1 ­ (3 medium peaks). N-OH à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 960 cm-1 3,5-Diphenyl-2-isoxazoline N-O à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  920 cm-1 (sharp, medium) sp3 (phenyl) C-H and sp2 (azoline) C-H (stretch) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 2800-3200 cm-1 C-O à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 900 cm-1 (sharp, strong) C=C aromatic à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  1450-1500 cm-1 ­ C=N- à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 1650 cm-1 (sharp, weak) Other Data Before the organic phase was extracted, during the synthesis of benzaldehyde oxime, the reaction mixture was neutralized with glacial acetic acid, as per stated in the experimental session of this paper. The amount of acid necessary was calculated as follows, in order to ensure an accurate amount of acid added to the reaction mixture: N. of moles NaOH = NH2OHà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â€ž ¢HCl n. of moles = Excess of NaOH used = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¡ n. of moles of CH3CO2H needed. Molecular mass CH3CO2H = 60.1 gmol-1 , hence mass of CH3CO2H = 1.63g. Density of CH3CO2H = 1.049 g/mL, therefore volume needed à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  1.60 mL Discussion Preparation of benzaldehyde oxime The first step of this experiment: Preparation of benzaldehyde oxime, is a simple condensation reaction between an aldehyde (benzaldehyde) and hydroxylamine. The benzaldehyde oxime prepared was clear oil with a relatively good % yield (73%). The comparison between the infrared spectra of the benzaldehyde oxime in the literature and the one recorded for this experiment (attached in the end of this paper) clearly indicates the successful preparation of the same. The Nujol © peaks are shown more strongly in the prepared spectra, but nevertheless it proves a clear way of identifying the functional groups of this compound. M.p. ranges were not measured, and therefore even though the IR spectrum correlates to the actual oximes, its purity should be treated as questionable. 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction In this second step of the experiment, the syn-benzaldehyde oxime produced undergoes hypochlorite oxidation to form the 1,3-dipolar benzonitrile oxide which then reacts with the dipolariphile styrene in a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The benzonitrile oxide is termed 1,3-dipole because of one of the resonance forms in which the formal position of the positive and negative charges are 1,3 with respect to one another. However, the term 1,3 does not directly relate to the position of the charges themselves but to the position of the bonding atoms in the dipolar molecule. In this cycloaddition reaction, the dipole atoms in position 1 and 3 of the benzonitrile oxime (LUMO) bind to the styrene (HOMO) to form diphenylisoxazoline. Benzonitrile oxime contributes four à Ã¢â€š ¬ electrons to the system: two à Ã¢â€š ¬ electrons from the à Ã¢â€š ¬ bond and two non-bonding electrons from the oxygen or nitrogen. On the other hand, the dipolariphile styrene contributes further two à Ã¢â€š ¬ electrons. In total [4 + 2]: an electronically allowed cycloadattion in which all 4 +2 electrons are in the ground state (termal). Depending of the spacial orientation of the styrene in solution, there are two theoretical products possible: 3,4 regioisomer 3,5 regioisomer The reaction therefore allows 5-membered rings synthesis, proceeding with high stereospecificity. The study of spectra data such as infrared and 1H-NMR allows not only the confirmation of the final product but also helps to determine the regioselectivity of the reaction. Infra-red Spectra By evaluation of the spectrum of diphenylisoxazoline, one can confirm the product synthesised. The peaks mentioned in the results session of this paper are indeed in accordance to the 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline structure. By comparison to the previous oxime spectrum, it is obvious the absence of the OH- group and the formation of a C-O bond. The sp2 hybrydised C-H stretches are also seen in the diphenylisoxazoline spectrum. Diastereostopic Systems and 1H-NMR Spectra Diastereostopic groups are not equivalent and have different chemical shits in NMR. A pair of hydrogens located in a carbon atom adjacent to a stereocenter is expected to be diastereostopic. Diastereostopic protons According to Pavia et al, in some compounds with diastereostopic hydrogens, the chemical shifts of Ha and Hb are different and the peaks split each other into doublet of doublets (2Jab). In this case of 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline, the adjacent proton Hc shows large differences between the vicinal couplings between ac (3Jac) and bc (3Jbc). Refering to NMR results in the results section, the geminal coupling constant between hydrogen 8 and 7 is large. Therefore, the presence of the diastereostopic hydrogens is confirmed as the geminal coupling depends upon the bond angle between both protons. In practice the smaller the angle the larger the coupling constant. H8 at CD: 2J8,7 = 16.4 Hz and H7 at CD: 2J7,8 = 16.4 Hz However, the question remains: Which is the final product: 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline or 3,4-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline? By using an H-NMR predictor, one can estimate the difference in chemical shifts between the diastereostopic and adjacent protons in both compounds. 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline or 3,4-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline? The use of an H-NMR predictor will help to understand the final product and its regioselectivity. Spectrum Prediction of H-NMR spectrum of 3,5-diphenylisoxazoline. See references Spectrum Prediction of H-NMR spectrum of 3,4-diphenylisoxazoline. See references As one can see, the chemical shifts predicted for the 3,5-diphenyl product in respect to diastereostopic hydrogens and the methine hydrogens are: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 3ppm and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 6ppm respectively. On the other hand, the chemical shifts for the 3,4-diphenyl product in respect to diastereostopic hydrogens and the methine hydrogens are: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 5ppm and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ 4.5ppm respectively. The above values for the 3,5-diphenyl product are in close relation to the ones in the results section and hence the final product is the 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline. For the 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline, the vicinal coupling are in accordance to the structure of the this regio-isomer. H8 at CD: 3J8,6 = 8.4 Hz H7 at CD: 3J7,6 = 11.2 Hz H6 at CE: 3J6,7 = 11.2 Hz, 3J6,8 = 8.4 Hz The vicinal coupling constant depends upon the dihedral angle between the nuclei. As such, the 3,4-diphenyl product would have very different values. Furthermore, by looking at the structure of both compounds one could say that the 3,4-diphenyl product allows more steric hindrance than the 3,5-diphenyl product. Diazomethane and Ozone Ozone and diazomethane both behave as 1,3-dipoles. Their reactions with styrene also yields 5-membered rings. Ozone with Styrene Resonance forms of ozone as 1,3-dipoles Diazomethane with Styrene Conclusion Both reactions were successful and the products characterized. The regioselectivity of the isoxazoline was analysed by H-NMR spectrum and the product determined to be 3,5-diphenylisoxazoline. Melting point ranges could have helped to determine the purity of the samples. In order to further understand the factors contributing to the regioselectivity product of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, molecular modelling software could be used to determine energy differences between the products and transition states and whether the reaction is thermodynamically or kinetically favoured or both. In conjunction with frontier orbital of both HOME and LUMO and vice versa of the reagents, one could determine the reason for one product being more favoured than other. Nevertheless, the reaction of styrene with 1,3-dipolar benzaldehyde oxime yields 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline

Comparing Two Articles on Architecture :: Article Summary

In the history of architecture there often was a discrepancy between what the architect wants to design and what the client wants to have. In fact, sometimes an architect will do a great design and acquire awards for his design but maybe the client or user have an aversion to it. Stater (2002) and Misra (2002) argue this issue in a distinct way. In the article " it is just not Cricket", Stater (2002) explain the relationships between the architect and clients in different cases and gives two building as examples. The first case that the author shows in this article is the status of the architect who does not talk with any one and has the knowledge and the confidence, while what the client does not like may becomes secondary. Moreover, client has different situations of behavior such as incoherent, unconscious or very probably uninterested (Stater 2002). On the other hand, he said that the job of the architect seems like the doctor's job, for instance of that is when the patient come to the GP's doctor he tell him about his problems and symptoms. As a result the doctor finds the best treatment and solution for his problems. In the same way the client come to the architect and have same strategies. In terms of negative architecture design, the explanation of Stater (2002) can be seen in two examples of buildings which are the Bevin Court and the Media Centre at Lord’s Cricket Ground. Although these buildings have significant designs in terms of moderation and technique, they are not functional and inconvenience for clients. The reason of that the architect did not discuss the design with the client (Stater 2002). Conversely, in the article "Whose House Is It? Exploring User Participation in the Design Process of Residences" Misra (2002) explores that the design process must support the user needs. As well as, the author said that the architecture should be reflected and reinforced by the nature of gender, race and class relations in society. However Misra (2002) discussed four main points in seven projects in India which are the issue of user participation in the design of built environment, the architectural design process in the case of individual project is outlined, and the clients involvement, the patterns of clients-user participation evident and finally some institutional aspects that act systemically to maintain patters of user participation are outlined. In the aspect of the design of the built environment, Misra (2002) states that the behavior setting for individual and groups are the meaning of the built environment.

Iliad :: essays papers

Iliad Achilles’ Anger and Unreconciliation: Reassessing the Concepts of Mortality and Honor The subject of Homer’s epic poem, the Iliad, is very clearly stated--it is â€Å"the rage of Peleus’ son Achilles.† The reader remains continually aware of the extent of Achilles’ rage, yet is never told the reason why Achilles remains angry and unreconciled. There is no definitive answer to this question. Achilles is not a static character. He is constantly changing; thus the question of why he remains angry solicits different answers at various stages throughout the poem. To find an answer, the reader must carefully examine Achilles’ ever-changing dilemma involving the concepts of mortality and honor. At its simplest, Achilles’ dilemma is that if he goes to war, he will die. But he will die with glory. Achilles’ true nature is that of a warrior. The son of Peleus must fight. When he denounces Agamemnon and the Achaeans, he does not go home. His ship is last in line, near Troy. Subconsciously, he has already made the choice of accepting a short life filled with glory. Subconsciously, he wants to go back to war. He needs to. However, he also needs to insure his possession of glory and honor. But what kind of glory, what kind of honor? He already possesses the honor of the gods. He says, â€Å"my honor lies in the great decree of Zeus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (IX.741.p.272). By book IX, material wealth is no longer what Achilles wants. He spurns Agamemnon’s offers. The typical mortal concepts of heroism no longer concern him; his ideals differ from those of his peers. Phoenix’s Meleager is no example to him. However, at this point Achilles still does not know what he wants. Pride and stubbornness still supplement his rage, but now his anger appears to be a manifest ation of his fear and confusion—â€Å"Stop confusing my fixed resolve with this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (IX.745-746.p.272). Achilles knows that he wants honor and glory, but in what form? What Achilles does know, and what he must deal with, is the fact that his life will be short if he chooses to have honor and glory. Thus, the choices he makes concerning his honor are crucial. At this point his life is riding on the decision he makes. It is inevitable that Achilles will choose door #2--to go to war, live a short life, and have much glory.

Leadership Qualities Essay

Bernard Bass considers the combination of transformational and transactional leadership as the ideal leadership. Transformational leadership adopts aspects of transactional leadership too, depending on situations, to make it more effective. Thus transformational leadership also uses ‘transaction’ as a vital and effective skill. The effectiveness of the transformational skills is thus improved, without replacing it. When transformational leaders see dead end while trying to gain an agreement from followers, through value emphasis; they take to transactional styles. A transformational leader facing a win-lose situation would convert it to a win-win situation using transactional methods. According to Bass, transactional styles broadly form the basis of most leaders, when it comes to encountering followers. Leaders use the best style of leadership according to the situation, they find themselves. Bass warns against the adoption of pseudo transformational leadership qualities. Here leaders project a particular image of themselves and on the contrary do something else. They support something publicly while opposing it in private. They resort to various ways for pursuing their personal agenda by either imposing if possible or delaying it, if not possible. They would initiate projects, which they are against and delay its execution such that it is not realized. Bass warns that the pseudo transformational leadership qualities are very destructive and should be avoided. I would like to adopt the transformational leadership, as it is associated with values, and is more likely to produce required results, in the long run. Transformational leadership promotes equality, justice and human rights through loyalty and fairness. The leader’s moral obligations are rooted on a broader base of individuals within the organization, cultural beliefs and the social norms. The followers and leaders involved in the transformational leadership raise the levels of mutual motivation among themselves. This is because the leader attributes due recognition and importance to the perspectives put forth by his subordinates. The subordinates become more aware of the surroundings and the effect of action on the surroundings. Under transformational leadership a new aspect of employment relationship is developed in which employers feel the need for a mutual understanding of each other’s expectations, with their employees. Employees exhibit greater confidence and enthusiasm under transformational leadership as their skills and job knowledge are more sought and heard. Idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration are the main aspects of transformational leadership. Transformational leaders are more capable to handle even technical aspects of work than transactional leaders. Recent findings suggest that team performance and communication are improved under transformational leadership. Success of transformational leadership has been observed in various establishments, irrespective of culture and geography. The link between transformational leadership and leader effectiveness is weak among people with cultural values, compared to this link in people without cultural values. Transformational leaders have the strength to improve the performance of organizations beyond expectations and is seen to be the answer to today’s world of organizational instability and uncertainty. As transformational leaders shape social and institutional cultures, organizational transformation must be associated with moral responsibility. I feel that one should appropriately incorporate ideas of transformational and transactional leadership into their personal and professional lives. I should strive to achieve concurrence of opinion through logic, reasoning and judgment. However, when these seem to be failing to get the desired results, I would adopt transactional methods, throwing up harsh decisions and difficult options. The apt leadership type needs to be selected depending on the people to be encountered and also according to the confronting situations. With uncooperative people adopting transactional styles would most likely bring the desired results at the earliest. When situations arise for which I find it difficult to take a decision, either at office or at home, I encourage all relevant people to discuss, and contribute to decision making, in pure transformational style. REFERENCES Homrig M.A., (2001) Transformational Leadership [Electronically Retrieved]. Downloaded on 6th July, 2008 from http://leadership.au.af.mil/documents/homrig.htm

Ideas, Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs about Education and the Linguistic devices applied to Texts 2 and 3 of the Anthology

Text two Comprehensive was written by Carol Ann Duffy, and was taken from her first major collection Standing Female Nude, which was published in 1985. Since becoming a mother, Duffy has become more interested in writing for, and about children. Comprehensive is a literary piece written in first person narrative that represents speech however, it is intended to be read silently. The poem deals with the ethnic minorities, and the attitudes of different children living in Britain. The first stanza is about a young girl from Africa, and she explains how she prefers Africa to England. We get the impression that this girl is no that happy living in England. â€Å"We talk a lot about the things we used to do in Africa and then we are happy† (lines 6 and 7). In the second stanza, the sentences are a lot shorter and harsher. It is about a 14yr old boy named Wayne who is from England, who we would stereotype as â€Å"White Trash†. We get the impression from the sentence structure and the abrupt language used, that this boy is not very well educated. In fact, the young African girl in stanza one seems to have better English than the boy in stanza two due to better sentence structures that flow a lot more easier. This boy also shows in this stanza that he is racist. â€Å"Paki-bashing† (line 9) and â€Å"I don't suppose I'll get a job. It's all them coming over here to work† (lines 12 and 13) Here we see his prejudices, and how he is blaming â€Å"them† for him thinking he'll never have a job. Referring to these people as â€Å"them† shows how little he thinks of them. We can link stanza two to stanza 4, which is about a girl from England who sees life as boring. The sentences here are stilted and the use of idiomatic and colloquial language, gives the impression of the typical teenager, white trash stereotype displayed in the children written about from England. Also, linking to stanza 2, it is also subtly racist, â€Å"Marlon Frederic's nice but he's a bit dark† (line 23). Stanza 6 also links with 2 and 4, due to the racist prejudices displayed. Also, this person shows how he has been fed what he wants to be in the future, suggesting that children in England have no real dreams and ambitions of their own, so they live off what is expected of them. â€Å"I'm going into the Army. No choice really† (lines 36-37). But also, we see how this boy wants to emigrate and live in Australia. Although Australia is an English speaking country, he'll still be in exactly the same position as the ethnic minorities living in England (A pomme in an Au ssie's Society). From the stanzas which are about the children in the ethnic minorities, we see them all link together by the way they explain how happy they were when they lived in there place of origin. And how important it is for them to stay close to their families and loved ones. â€Å"Families face Mecca† (line 16) everyone coming together to pray! The last stanza is about how family is very important to one boy, and also how difficult he is finding it to adjust to a strange school where he doesn't understand what his teacher is telling him â€Å"The teacher told us to drink our milk. I didn't understand what she was saying so I didn't get any milk† (lines 43-45). At the end of the last stanza, we see how this person is ambitious and has hope for the future, opposed to those who have grown up here. Text three The Play Way was written by Seamus Heaney, the winner of the Noble Prize for literature in 1995. He became a full-time writer after studying and teaching at Queen's University in Belfast until 1972. The Play Way is taken from his first selection of poems, Death of a Naturalist, published in 1966. The Play Way is a literary piece, written in first person narrative and scripted to be read aloud. The poem is about a more relaxed way of education, as suggested by the title. This poem is written in quatrains (equal 4 line stanzas), with enjambment to make the poem flow easily and seem more relaxed. In the first stanza, he personifies the music â€Å"The music strides to challenge it† (line 3). In stanza 2, we see the generation gap between pupils and teacher. The children are not sure who Beethoven is, or what type of music he composed, as a child's perspective of music would be the type of music, which would appear mostly to them. â€Å"Can we jive?† (Line 8) is an expression we would link with the Rock ‘n' Roll type of music, or in this case the type of music which appeals to the children. We see that the music seems to have a magical quality for the teacher as it grabs the children's concentration. â€Å"†¦ Working its private spell behind eyes that stare wide† (lines 13 and 14). Comparing this poem to Text 25, The First Time, by Evelyn Waugh, Paul (a teacher in the poem) had to get the class on his side, but was forced to use a more firmer method to gain the control he wanted which set the text firmly in it's time. It shows The Play Way is a more modern and relaxed way of teaching. â€Å"Their blundering embrace of the free† (line 16) suggests that the lesson was a successful one. In the last stanza, he describes how he sees progression in â€Å"New Looks† (line 19), and how they have sub-consciously, found out more about themselves â€Å"To fall into themselves unknowingly† (line 20).

Globalization Of The Market Economy Essay

Much has been said how globalization has internationalize the market economy and how this system was able to integrate and create international partnerships between and among nations. Globalization is not just a phenomenon – it is a system, a new world system that has replaced the Cold War. Globalization has transcended economic and political borders without so much undermining the national sovereignty of any nation. This essay will document how the key players and catalysts accomplished the integration of a very complex world market economy, allowing the creation of the so-called global village. Specifically, this essay will look into the following: ? the creation of international bodies collectively known as The Bretton Woods institutions; ? the largest regional trade organizations: how they come into being, its membership, and how they are being seen sometimes as stumbling blocs, instead of building blocs; ? multi- or transnational corporations; and ? technological revolution (information and communication technology, or ICT, and the Internet). The list above will help us see globalization, an intangible system, as an observable, concrete, and measurable concept. This essay will also attempt to explain the future of globalization so as to prepare other areas that it has not penetrated yet, and at the same time, to allow those who are experiencing it already to take advantage of the strengths and opportunities in the system and be prepared with the threats that come with it. Understanding globalization There are two very interesting books on globalization that can serve as a starting point of this essay – MacGillivray’s A brief history of globalization: The Untold story of our incredible shrinking planet and Friedman’s The Lexus and the olive tree: Understanding globalization. MacGillivray argues that the term â€Å"globalization† has rapidly become one of the most overused words in the field of international relations. Unfortunately, its being overused does not guarantee understanding of the concept. In fact, this is one of the least understood or at least broadly construed concepts in the same field. It clearly covers connections between and among political, economic, cultural, and even environmental issues or concerns. And with the recent advance in information technology, we also know that globalization also concerns itself about technology and even war. MacGillivray described globalization as the interaction and integration between and among people, corporations, and governments across national boundaries. Such web of interaction and integration is motivated by international trade and investment with the help of technology, particularly, information technology (MacGillivray 2006). The importance of technology in the era of globalization was further elaborated and described by Friedman in his book The Lexus and the olive tree: Understanding globalization through this passage: â€Å"In the Cold War, the most frequently asked question was ‘How big is your missile? ’ In globalization, the most frequently asked question is ‘How fast is your modem? ’† As compared to other writers who believe that globalization is a phase of human evolution, or maybe a trend, Friedman believes that it is more of an international system which existence was significantly felt after the Cold War period. He argued that the movement of globalization in this contemporary period is just an extension of the previous period which has marked the end of the First World War (Friedman 1999). Whereas the Cold War has changed the whole world into a bipolar one, globalization has changed this into a global village with shared or integrated resources in terms of capital, technology, political and market sentiments, and information across and, even more interesting, through national borders. Establishing new grounds: The collapse of economic and market frontiers Globalization’s effects are very much visible in some aspects of international relations. In this essay, the effect on economic sovereignty would be the focus. It should be noted though that as far as these effects are concerned, globalization does not destabilize the sovereignty and legitimacy of a nation in any one way or another. With globalization, we could say that the economic borders of any sovereign nation has somewhat been transcended, i. e. , protectionist policies are either challenged if not eliminated completely. The Bretton Woods system: The first attempt to international openness One of the best ways of seeing globalization’s effect to international relations is by looking at international financial institutions having direct or indirect effect to sovereign nations. While they do not exactly dictate what the economic policies of countries should be, these bodies without a doubt influence the making of such policies. In the early 1930s, currency exchange rates, even those of the major economies, are unstable. A number of countries are protectionists and had very restrictive trade policies. A decade after that, Great Britain and the United States, the only two super powers then, proposed the establishment of international financial or monetary institutions that would aim to stabilize exchange rates and, more importantly, improve international trade. In 1944, 44 nations through their representatives convened at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. The participants of the conference met to plan the recovery and eventual development of post-war Europe and to discuss the monetary and prevailing economic issues of that period – protectionist trade policies and unstable exchange rates of a number of countries (Bretton Woods Project 2007; Canadian Economy Online 2007). This has given birth to the Bretton Woods Agreement. The agreement aims to create a post-war international monetary system of convertible currencies, fixed and stable exchange rates, and free trade across geographical regions. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (which was later on referred to as the World Bank) were established to facilitate the objectives of the agreement. The resulting bodies from this Bretton Woods convention have definitely affected the economic sovereignty of countries. Taking the case of International Monetary Fund, its main areas of concern are surveillance (advice and appraisal on the policies of its member economies), financial or monetary assistance for members experiencing short- to medium-term economic problems and difficulties, and technical assistance as well as training in monetary and fiscal policies (Ibid). The Bretton Woods agreement prevented currency and exchange rates competition and promoted monetary cooperation among its member economies. Under this system, member nations and economies agreed to have a system of currency exchange rates that could be adjusted or computed within defined parities with the US dollar. This currency exchange rate could also be adjusted to correct a basic disequilibrium in balance of payments as approved by IMF. Advocates of the Bretton Woods system argued that establishment of a stable exchange rate would discourage the â€Å"beggar thy neighbour† policies, which would eventually benefit several, if not all, member economies by the promotion and expansion of international market and trade. The competitiveness of currency exchange rates decreased overtime due to infrequent changes in parities. Some expressed concerns that a fixed currency exchange rate system may prohibit countries enough liberty for them to actually pursue and implement their own monetary and fiscal policies. IMF uses both its surveillance as well as technical assistance work or functions in developing codes and standards of good practice in its areas of responsibility (Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund 2007). The World Bank, which is officially named International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, is actually a development institution. Its mandate is to build a climate of healthy investment, sufficient jobs, and sustainable growth. It also invests in poor people and empowers them to participate in development projects. Its efforts on poverty reduction can be observed in national as well as global levels (Schiff and Winters 2003, 15–16). The World Bank gives emphasis on extending aids to poor and developing nations. But more than just these financial aids or loans, the bank gives advice on policymaking and training to countries needing them. Now, in return for IMF’s and World Bank’s financial support or any other kind of advice, recipients of these financial aids should implement necessary structural adjustment policies that will encourage healthy public spending, especially on social services delivery systems. These policies usually decrease government’s participation in the economy (or market, to be specific). Currently, the World Bank is the largest international lending institution dealing with least developed to developing countries (Ibid, 25–26). The World Trade Organization is probably the most â€Å"intrusive† of the three bodies established by the Bretton Woods convention. The convention created a provision for an International Trade Organization. However, such plan lay dormant until the actual establishment of the World Trade Organization in early 1990s. This original plan did not materialize in the form it was originally conceptualized because of the refusal of the US Congress to endorse it. (The refusal of the US Congress is primarily anchored on the idea that had the International Trade Organization been approved then, this body would have the power of a supranational body that can implement sanctions, penalties, or disciplines to any member economies that the ITO deem violating the principles and agreements reached at the Bretton Woods. ) In lieu of this, an international organization, so to speak, in the form of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT was created. As an international body, it has the primary responsibility of reducing trade barriers through multilateral and multinational negotiations. ITO, however, does not have the power to effect any policies, i. e. , its agreements are non-binding (Timeline: World Trade Organization – A chronology of key events 2007). The World Trade Organization came into existence on 1995. It replaced GATT as an international body overseeing the multilateral trading system. One hundred and twenty-eight (128) countries had signed GATT by 1994. And as of the year 2007, there are 151 full-fledged members and 30 economies/countries having observer status. Every member country of the WTO has the right to challenge or simply question other countries’ local, state, or federal laws granted that such laws may impede efficient and effective international trade. In such cases, if the WTO judges the law to contain violations of WTO ideals, it [WTO] may order the government to overturn or modify the law or else, the country can experience or suffer from trade sanctions. This is exactly why the US Congress did not approve the ratification of the treaty for the creation or establishment of the WTO (Ibid). These three international bodies have clearly penetrated the economic barriers, even political to some extent, of any of its member economies. For this purpose, however, it is clear that these effects are for the benefit of the member economy. While it is clear that these Bretton Woods bodies do not directly dictate economic policies, it has the power to influence its members to act towards its direction. Again, this is not to emphasize that economic sovereignty is being taken away from the country itself, but clearly, the economic barriers have been breached. Regional trade associations or blocs Regional trade associations are â€Å"offshoots†, so to speak, of the globalization phenomenon where inter-nation or inter-state agreement is established. These associations are actually the ones that manage, promote, and direct all the trade activities of the concerned group of countries or regions of the world (UC Atlas of Global Inequality, 2007). This is a case where instead of an institution penetrating the borders of a country, the sovereign country itself initiates the â€Å"surrender† of their economic, or more particularly, trading, policies. Regional trade associations, in general terms, are groupings of economies or nations at a governmental level that aims to promote, manage, and encourage trade within and among their own region and defend its member countries or member economies against a larger global competition. Protection against this larger global competition is done by most countries by establishing tariffs on commodities produced by its members economies, import quotas, onerous bureaucratic import processes, government subsidies, and technical and other non-tariff barriers. Trade is not an isolated activity and other areas of relations between countries or economies involved are also affected: political, security, and other issues affecting the region (Ibid). A good example of a regional trade bloc affecting other aspects of inter-national relations is the case of the European Union or EU. This group is the world’s largest trade association, and by far, the most effective in terms of certain aspects. EU has harbored not just economic but also political ambitions extending way beyond the free trading arrangements entered into by the participating economies (Gibb and Michalak, 1994, 75). The ideological foundations of EU were actually focused on ensuring development and maintaining international or even inter-regional stability, specifically, encapsulating communist or socialist expansion in the post-WWII Europe. EU’s plan actually involves possible joint policies on military security and citizenship. Some researchers believe that trade associations complement globalized trade. There are those, on the other hand, who believe that regionalism is a threat to free trade due to its protectionist nature having conservative policies being implemented by these blocs that shield the member- countries from outside competition of global trade. Such debates contain sharp disagreements. In the same work by Gibb and Michalak (1994, 1), they noted, â€Å"the multilateral trading system is in decline and regionalism is on the ascendancy. † They emphasized that regional trade blocs are an alternative form of trade that â€Å"attempts to counter more aggressive policies of trade, especially as espoused by the WTO. †